Catalog
Latin American and Latinx Studies
Professors Fra-Molinero (Hispanic Studies), Melvin (History), and Pieck (Environmental Studies); Associate Professor Pérez-Armendáriz (Politics, chair); Assistant Professors Lyon (Anthropology) and Pridgeon (Hispanic Studies); Visiting Assistant Professor Fernández
The interdisciplinary program in Latin American and Latinx studies brings together different methods of inquiry to better understand the cultures, societies and environments of Latin America and its diasporas, including the many communities that historically predated the United States, people who have immigrated to the United States from various parts of Latin America, and their descendants. The program also explores the importance of Latin America and Latinx communities in a global context. Latin American and Latinx studies provides opportunities for students seeking to deepen connections with their own Latin American and/or Latinx heritage.
Latin American and Latinx studies offers interdisciplinary and critical perspectives on colonialism, religion, race and ethnicity, politics, gender and sexuality, indigeneity, environments, language, cultural production, migration, and economics within the region’s societies. Course offerings draw from Africana, anthropology, environmental studies, gender and sexuality studies, Hispanic studies, history, politics, and religious studies. Students learn about a diverse area of the world that includes Mexico, Central America, South America, the Caribbean, and the United States. They also consider the ongoing relevance of the interactions of the region’s indigenous population with people coming from Europe, Africa, and Asia for more than half a millennium. The on-campus curriculum and programming is supplemented with opportunities for off-campus study in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Major Requirements
Students entering Bates beginning with the fall 2021 semester declare a major in Latin American and Latinx studies. Students who entered prior to fall 2021 declare a major in Latin American studies.Students majoring in Latin American and Latinx studies or Latin American studies must complete a total of nine courses, one of which must be a 300-level seminar. Additionally, students must complete a senior thesis. To ensure a breadth of studies, the nine Latin American and Latinx studies courses must be from at least four different departments or programs including Africana, American studies, anthropology, art and visual culture, environmental studies, gender and sexuality studies, history, music, politics, religious studies, sociology, and Hispanic studies.
Spanish Language
Because proficiency in Spanish is required for courses in Hispanic studies, students are strongly encouraged to consult with their advisor and the chairs of Latin American and Latinx studies and Hispanic studies to plan their course sequence and confirm they meet any prerequisites. More information on Hispanic studies may be found on the website (https:www.bates.edu/hispanic-studies.)Courses
In addition to the courses offered by or cross-listed in Latin American and Latinx studies, the following courses may be used to fulfill the major in Latin American and Latinx studies:AN/ES 242. Environment, Human Rights, and Indigenous Peoples.
HISP 222. Short Narrative in the Spanish-speaking World.
HISP 230. Readings in Spanish American and Spanish Caribbean Literature.
GS/HS 327. Gendered Experiences in the Américas Borderlands.
Senior Thesis
Planning for the senior thesis (LALS 457 or 458) begins in the junior year with the submission of a thesis proposal. Information on the proposal may be found on the Latin American and Latinx studies program website (bates.edu/latin-american-studies). The thesis should relate thematically to the student's course work and the student should consult with their thesis advisor to develop the proposal.Off-Campus Study
Majors must take a minimum of six courses, in addition to the thesis, from Bates faculty members. Students may use a maximum of three credits taken elsewhere (off-campus study or transfer courses) toward the major requirements, subject to program approval. To request that an external course count toward the major, students should submit a copy of the syllabus to their academic advisor, preferably before they register for the class. To be eligible to count for program credit, students should submit material beyond lectures and exams, including some combination of outside reading assignments and substantive written work that includes instructor feedback. Courses taken off-campus may count toward the breadth-of-study requirements with the approval of the program chair. Courses taken abroad may not substitute for the required 300-level senior seminar or thesis, which must be taken at Bates.Pass/Fail Grading Option
Courses taken pass/fail may not count toward the Latin American and Latinx studies major or the Latin American studies major.Courses
HI/LL 181. Latin American History: From the Conquest to the Present.
Beginning with the first encounters between Europeans and Americans and ending with the challenges of globalization in the twenty-first century, this course offers a chronological and topical overview of 500 years of Latin American history. It examines individual lives within the frameworks of sweeping political, social, and cultural transformations. Students use primary documents, images, analytical texts, and films to explore the major themes of the course, including the nature of conquest; the mixing of European, African, and American cultures; independence and nation building; and twentieth-century social revolutions and military dictatorships. Special attention is given to issues of race, gender, religion, and the role of the United States. Not open to students who have received credit for HI/LS 181. Enrollment limited to 39. (History: Early Modern.) (History: Latin American.) (History: Modern.) Normally offered every year. [AC] [HS] K. Melvin.Concentrations
This course is referenced by the following General Education Concentrations
AN/LL 205. Citizenship, Borders, and Belonging.
Increasing levels of globalization have prompted scholars to predict the diminishing importance of national borders. Contrarily, in the age of detention, deportation, and refugee crises, citizenship has gained renewed importance. In this course, students explore different ways of organizing citizenship around the world from multiple perspectives including those of refugees, visa seekers, unauthorized immigrants, soldiers, and mothers, among others. They examine how formal framings of rights are shaped by a politics of representation where the ideal citizen is crafted and contested. They also consider how those excluded from legal and cultural citizenship form alternative structures of belonging. Not open to students who have received credit for AN/LS 205. Enrollment limited to 29. Normally offered every year. [AC] [HS] J. Lyon.Concentrations
This course is referenced by the following General Education Concentrations
LL/PT 208. Latinx Politics.
This course explores the role of Latinos in the state and national politics of the United States. It begins by examining the meaning of Latino, then explores the history of Latino political organization, social movements (civil rights), and political incorporation (citizenship acquisition, registration and voting). The course considers contemporary Latino participation in U.S. politics, including modes of political organization, social movements, public opinion, the impact of Latino voters on recent campaigns and elections, and the election of Latinos to public office. Although the course gives particular attention to Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, Salvadorans, and Cubans, it also serves as an introduction to the broader study of ethnic politics in the United States. Recommended background: PLTC 115. Not open to students who have received credit for LS/PT 208. Enrollment limited to 29. (Politics: Identities and Interests.) Normally offered every year. [HS] C. Pérez-Armendáriz.Concentrations
This course is referenced by the following General Education Concentrations
INDC 214. Afro-Latinx Diasporas in the United States.
Over the last two decades, Afro-Latinx culture and history has become a rich area of study. Emphasizing ethnographic approaches, this course examines how racial formations, gender and national belonging have historically and recently intersected in the production and representation of Blackness within Latinx spaces. Students draw from decolonial frameworks and use different media to critically analyze how anti-Blackness rooted in the myth of racial democracy shapes Afro-Latinx cultures in the U.S. Recommended background: coursework in Africana, anthropology, gender and sexuality studies, or Latin American and Latinx studies. Crosslisted in Africana, anthropology, and Latin American and Latinx studies. Enrollment limited to 29. One-time offering. M. Mena.Interdisciplinary Programs
This course counts toward the following Interdisciplinary Program(s)
AN/LL 238. Culture, Conflict, and Change in Latin America.
Over 400 million Latin Americans share a common language, but the region's racial, ethnic, geographical, and cultural diversity complicates a singular continental identity. This course surveys the anthropological scholarship on the diverse lifeways in Latin America and the Caribbean. Images and texts drawn from distinct locales considers how contrasting anthropological perspectives from the region’s peoples, histories, and contemporary challenges. Of particular concern are the ways legacies of colonialism shape both Latin America and anthropology. Additional topics of interest include indigenous and Afro-Latinx resistance and expression; immigration, transnationalism, and deportation; sex, gender, and sex work. Not open to students who have received credit for AN/LS 238. Enrollment limited to 29. Normally offered every year. [AC] [HS] J. Lyon.Concentrations
This course is referenced by the following General Education Concentrations
LL/PT 249. Politics of Latin America.
This course considers how major political and economic actors, events, and ideas from the late nineteenth century to the beginning of the twenty-first contribute to strengthening or weakening democratic governance in South America today. Students consider mass politics and populism, regime breakdown and military rule, the twin challenges of democratic transitions and neoliberal economic reforms, and finally the post-transition challenges of persistent low quality of democracies and income inequality. Recommended background: HI/LL 181 and PLTC 122. Not open to students who have received credit for LS/PT 249 or PLTC 249. Enrollment limited to 29. (Politics: Identities and Interests.) (Politics: Political Economy.) [HS] C. Pérez-Armendáriz, L. Puck.Concentrations
This course is referenced by the following General Education Concentrations
HI/LL 270. The Spanish Empire: From Madrid to Manila.
When examining the origins of our globalized modern world, there’s no better place to look than the Spanish empire during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. At its peak it stretched around the world and encompassed what is now Spain, Portugal, parts of Italy and the Netherlands, the Philippines and much of North and South America. This course considers what it meant to live in different parts of these vast territories, including for "old Christian" Spaniards, recent Jewish converts to Christianity, Muslims, Africans and their descendants, and indigenous peoples of the Americas and Philippines. It also takes up questions of imperial scale, including the challenges of maintaining royal authority over distant lands and how goods, people, and knowledge moved throughout the empire. Not open to students who have received credit for BSAS 004 or HI/LS 270. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 29. (History: Early Modern.) (History: European.) (History: Latin American.) [AC] [HS] K. Melvin.Concentrations
This course is referenced by the following General Education Concentrations
HI/LL 272. The Mexican Revolution.
The first major social revolution of the twentieth century, the Mexican Revolution continues to shape Mexico well into the twenty-first century. This course centers on Reacting to the Past, a game in which students assume the role of historical characters. They debate and decide the most pressing issues of the day, while trying to find allies and avoid assassination attempts. Topically, the course begins with the conditions and events leading to the overthrow of President Porfirio Díaz in 1910, continues through the course of a bloody civil war, questions over how to build a new society, and the divisive institutionalization of a "revolutionary" one-party state. It concludes with ways that the revolution has been remembered, including in art and film. Not open to students who have received credit for HI/LS 272. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 29. (History: Latin American.) (History: Modern.) K. Melvin.HI/LL 279. The Age of Revolution: Latin American Edition.
During the decades surrounding the turn of the nineteenth century, uprisings in the Americas challenged colonial authority. This course examines some of those uprisings in the Spanish Americas, including the 1780s Tupac Amaru Rebellion—the deadliest and perhaps most violent rebellion in the Americas up until that time—and the wars that eventually led to independence. Students also discuss what it was like to live during the time of these tumultuous events. The first Latin American novel, The Mangy Parrot, provides the basis for exploring topics that include race, gender, crime, and daily life. Not open to students who have received credit for HI/LS 279. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 29. (History: Early Modern.) (History: Latin American.) K. Melvin.Concentrations
This course is referenced by the following General Education Concentrations
INDC 301Y. The Spanish Inquisition.
Were witches and heretics really tortured in the Spanish Inquisition's infamous jails? This course examines both the institution of the Spanish Inquisition and the lives of those who came before it. The sins that concerned the Inquisition depended on the time and place, and the crimes prosecuted in sixteenth-century Spain or eighteenth-century New Spain reveal a great deal about early modern (ca. 1500–1800) culture and society. Students read and analyze original Inquisition cases from Spain and New Spain as well as consider the ways historians have used cases to investigate topics such as sexuality and marriage, witchcraft, and the persecution of Jews and Muslims. Cross-listed in history, Latin American and Latinx studies, and religious studies. Enrollment limited to 15. (History: Early Modern.) (History: European.) (History: Latin American.) [W2] [AC] [HS] K. Melvin.Concentrations
This course is referenced by the following General Education Concentrations
HS/LL 302. Minor Subjects: Childhood and Adolescence in Latin American Film and Literature.
In recent years, film and literature from across the globe have been increasingly interested in childhood experiences and perspectives. Contesting popular beliefs that childhood is an innocent and apolitical experience, Latin American film and literature have depicted the child figure both as a complex, agentic character and as a site of tension for issues of race, class, gender, and national politics. This course conceptualizes global theories on childhood studies in conversation with the historical, political, and social realities with which authors and filmmakers engage through stories of childhood experiences. Only open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisite(s): HISP 211. Recommended background: HISP 224. Not open to students who have received credit for HS/LS 302. Enrollment limited to 15. S. Pridgeon.HS/LL 318. Next Year in Havana: Stories of the Jewish and Latinx Diaspora in the United States.
This course considers literature authored by Jewish and Latinx-identifying authors writing from the United States and explores Jewishness as imagined by Latinx authors. Students examine the construction of intersecting Jewish and Latinx identities and experiences. Particular attention is paid to how Latinx ethnicities are constructed differentially throughout the Americas and how narratives of ethno-national identities (racial democracy in Brazil, Calibanism in Cuba, and the cosmic race in Mexico), particularly their spiritual implications, come into contact with both Jewishness as an ethnicity and Judaism as a religion. Taught in English. Recommended background: HISP 211 or a literature course in ethnic studies. Open only to juniors and seniors. Not open to students who have received credit for LS/SP 318. Enrollment limited to 15. (English: Race, Ethnicity, or Diasporic Literature.) S. Pridgeon.INDC 321. Afroambiente: Escritura negra y medio ambiente.
This course studies the response of black writers and intellectuals of the Spanish-speaking world to issues related to the natural environment. In several countries, including Colombia, Ecuador, Puerto Rico, and Equatorial Guinea, from colonial times to the present, modernity has brought serious challenges to notions of economic progress, human rights, and national sovereignty as well as individual and communal identity. Course materials include written texts from local newspapers and magazines as well as other sources of information such as websites that present issues related to the environment and the arts. All readings are in English. Taught in Spanish. Cross-listed in Africana, environmental studies, Hispanic studies, and Latin American and Latinx studies. Prerequisite(s): one 200-level Hispanic studies course above 211. Only open to juniors and seniors. Enrollment limited to 15. (Africana: Diaspora.) [AC] [HS] B. Fra-Molinero.ConcentrationsInterdisciplinary Programs
This course is referenced by the following General Education Concentrations
This course counts toward the following Interdisciplinary Program(s)
LL/PT 323. Crime, Violence, and Security in Latin America.
Despite a region-wide shift to democracy, Latin America possesses higher rates of violence in the 21st century than any other region in the world. Why? This course analyzes the root causes of crime and violence and its impact on Latin America. Through the examination of specific cases, students explore the various manifestations of crime and violence occurring in the region and responses to it by states, citizens, and private entities. Some key themes include the significance of weak and corrupt institutions; legacies of authoritarianism; police reform; the war on drugs; and the emergence of private security. Enrollment limited to 15. (Politics: Institutional Politics.) (Politics: Security, Conflict, and Cooperation.) [W2] One-time offering. L. Puck.HS/LL 325. Weaving Memory and Trauma: Contemporary Spanish American Novel.
The contemporary Spanish American novel that engages historical political violence does so from an intimate, textured view of memory and trauma. The memory and experience are entwined within recognizable but revised forms of fiction to accommodate voices in tension, while a cohesive plot shapes and allows for the questioning of memory placement and the articulation of trauma. Contrary to the “gran novelas” of the twentieth century, the contemporary novel textures violence by integrating voices that question ideological pronouncements of the twentieth century. Prerequisite(s): one 200-level Hispanic studies course above 211. Recommended background: HISP 230. Not open to students who have received credit for HS/LS 325. Enrollment limited to 15. C. Aburto Guzmán.HS/LL 341. Lectura americana de Cervantes.
A present-day reading in America of Don Quijote de La Mancha and other key texts of the Spanish and Spanish American Renaissance. This course examines themes of Islamophobia, white supremacy, conquest and empire, the slave trade, the quest for utopias, and the construction of historical narratives that shape the politics of the day. Students analyze myths and legends of the marvelous real such as the fountain of youth in Florida, the island of California, the return to the Golden Age, fabulous cities and unbelievable real ones (Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Cuzco) that are admired and destroyed, and a fake island in Louisiana called Barataria. Students consider issues that obsessed people in Cervantes' time: the expulsion of Muslims, hatred of Jews, war, gender roles and women's freedom, mental and physical disability, and changes to the environment in the form of windmills. Taught in Spanish. Prerequisite(s): one 200-level Hispanic studies course above HISP 211. Recommended background: HISP 231. Only open to juniors and seniors. Enrollment limited to 15. [AC] [HS] B. Fra-Molinero.Concentrations
This course is referenced by the following General Education Concentrations
LL/PT 352. Participatory Democracy in the Americas.
How far can we press the ideal of true democracy? Is the individual right to vote the apex of democratic practice, or might we strive for deeper involvement in politics and the public sphere? This course engages canonical debates on the boundaries of liberal democratic practices and casts them against innovations in democratic governance. Ideas and solutions are assessed on normative and empirical grounds with particular attention to the position of marginalized groups. In addition to seminar-style meetings, the course deploys experiential learning techniques to connect theory to praxis. Not open to students who have received credit for LS/PT 352. Enrollment limited to 15. (Politics: Institutional Politics.) (Politics: Philosophical, Literary, and Legal Studies.) [W2] Staff.Concentrations
This course is referenced by the following General Education Concentrations
LL/PT 353. Political Violence in Latin America.
Why is public life in contemporary Latin America so violent? Political violence is inherent to revolutions, civil wars, and authoritarian regimes. In contrast, one of the merits of democracy is that it facilitates the peaceful allocation of resources and power. For much of the twentieth century, Latin America struggled with insurgencies, civil war, and repressive authoritarian regimes. A wave of democratic transitions in the 1980s and 1990s brought renewed hope for peace, justice, and the protection of civil liberties, but political violence persists. This course explores the puzzling persistence of violence throughout the region. Recommended background: HI/LL 181; PLTC 122, 249, s49, or another research methods course. Not open to students who have received credit for LS/PT 353. Enrollment limited to 15. (Politics: Identities and Interests.) (Politics: Security, Conflict, and Cooperation.) [W2] [HS] C. Pérez-Armendáriz.LALS 360. Independent Study.
Students, in consultation with a faculty advisor, individually design and plan a course of study or research not offered in the curriculum. Course work includes a reflective component, evaluation, and completion of an agreed-upon product. Sponsorship by a faculty member in the program/department, a course prospectus, and permission of the chair are required. Students may register for no more than one independent study per semester. Normally offered every semester. Staff.INDC 382. Latinx Film.
This course introduces students to the field of Latinx studies through the lens of Latinx representations in United States film. By analyzing various films that feature Latinx characters, actors, and stories, students learn about the diversity of the Latinx population in the United States and develop an understanding of the key sociopolitical issues Latinx individuals face. Through the medium of film, themes such as immigration, gender, ethnicity and race, and the policing of Brown bodies gives students a more nuanced understanding of the largest growing minority population in the United States while also providing them the terms and skills necessary for audiovisual analysis. Taught in English. Cross-listed in American studies, Hispanic studies, and Latin American and Latinx studies. Only open to juniors and seniors. Recommended background: AM/AN 207, AMST 200, HISP 228, LL/PT 208, or RFSS 120. Enrollment limited to 15. [AC] L. Fernandez.INDC 390. Afro-Latinoamérica.
The 500-year presence of Africans and their descendants in the Spanish-speaking world has produced a significant body of literature by Blacks and about Blacks. Spanish America was the main destination of the African diaspora. Writers of African descent attest to the struggle for freedom and the abolition of slavery as well as anti-colonialism. Their literature shows how the participation of Blacks in the wars of Latin American independence was a struggle for their emancipation. Afro-Hispanic writers in Spain, the Americas, and Africa use their art and ideas to address the postnational migrations of the twenty-first century, a diaspora that has not ceased. Cross-listed in Africana, Hispanic studies, and Latin American and Latinx studies. Recommended background: AFR 100. Only open to juniors and seniors. Enrollment limited to 15. (Africana: Diaspora.) (Africana: Historical Perspective.) [AC] [HS] B. Fra-Molinero.ConcentrationsInterdisciplinary Programs
This course is referenced by the following General Education Concentrations
This course counts toward the following Interdisciplinary Program(s)
LALS 457. Senior Thesis.
An in-depth independent study of Latin American and Latinx studies. Majors register for LALS 457 in the fall semester. Majors writing an honors thesis register for LALS 457 in the fall semester and LALS 458 in the winter semester. [W3] Normally offered every year. Staff.LALS 458. Senior Thesis.
An in-depth independent study of Latin American and Latinx studies. Majors register for LALS 458 in the winter semester. Majors writing an honors thesis register for LALS 457 in the fall semester and LALS 458 in the winter semester. [W3] Normally offered every year. Staff.INDC s11. Bordering Hispaniola: Blackness, Mixture, and Nation in the Dominican Republic.
This course explores Dominican identity and its relation to ideas of nation vis-à-vis the island’s shared border with Haiti. Before departing for Santo Domingo, students consider the contexts of colonialism, state formation, and labor migration that shape contemporary Dominican identities. In the Dominican Republic, students visit key sites in the African and Haitian diasporas in the country. Further, they examine performance and popular culture as key sites of antiracist engagement. Students employ participatory ethnographic methods and map making to examine key themes of identity, performance, and resistance. Cross-listed in Africana, anthropology, and Latin American and Latinx studies. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 12. Instructor permission is required. (Africana: Diaspora.) [AC] [HS] J. Lyon.Interdisciplinary Programs
This course counts toward the following Interdisciplinary Program(s)
HI/LL s29. Montezuma's Mexico: Aztecs and their World.
The Aztec state encompassed millions of people, featured a capital whose size and towering pyramids left the first Spanish visitors in awe, and developed a culture that continues to influence contemporary Mexico, from food and dress to festivals like the Day of the Dead. Yet Aztecs are more commonly remembered for their cannibalism than their complex civilization. This course examines the Aztec world: what it was like to live under Aztec rule, how society was organized, what people believed about how the cosmos worked, and why Aztecs practiced ritual human sacrifice. Not open to students who have received credit for HI/LS s29. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 29. (History: Latin American.) (History: Premodern.) [AC] [HS] K. Melvin.Concentrations
This course is referenced by the following General Education Concentrations