The material on this page is from the 2000-01 catalog and may be out of date. Please check the current year's catalog for current information.

Spanish [For more information about major requirements, see Classical and Romance Languages and Literature] Notice regarding offerings in 2001-2002: another advanced literature/culture course is planned for the fall semester and will be taught by Professor Fahey. The level will be higher than 215/216 and will be about Latin America. Spanish is the most widely spoken language in the Americas, without even including ten percent of the United States population. It is also spoken in Spain, Equatorial Guinea, Israel, and the Philippines. The major in Spanish develops not only students' language skills, but also the exercise of critical thinking around subjects related to the culture, literatures, art, and history of the Spanish-speaking peoples of all continents. Reading, discussing, and writing in Spanish are the principal activity of the major. Spanish majors are strongly encouraged to spend a year or a semester living and studying in a Spanish-speaking country. The growing cultural, political, and economic ties among all nations of the American continents underscore the importance of this major. Students interested in graduate studies in Spanish or Latin American studies, or in business, medicine, law, or international relations, are encouraged to develop advanced proficiency in Spanish. Major Requirements. The department expects its majors to have a broad experience in the literatures of the Spanish-speaking peoples. In consultation with the Spanish faculty, the student elects courses in a variety of areas. Major requirements include the following: a) nine courses beyond the intermediate level, including one 300-level course each semester of the senior year; b) one course outside the Spanish program previously approved by the faculty in Spanish, such as English 295, Anthropology 234, History 181, Political Science 249, research methods courses in areas such as women's studies, African American studies, American cultural studies, classical and medieval studies; and c) the completion of a senior thesis written in Spanish. Instead of the thesis, a comprehensive examination in Latin American and Spanish literature and culture can be substituted in those cases in which the student is a double major writing a thesis for another program. Honors candidates register for Spanish 457–458. Pass/Fail Grading Option. There are no restrictions on the use of the pass/fail option within the major or secondary concentration. Courses 101–102. Elementary Spanish I and II. Emphasis is placed on oral proficiency with pronunciation exercises and conversational practice and the development of reading and writing skills. The course includes drill in the essential constructions and basic vocabulary of Spanish, short films, and cultural presentations, as well as regularly scheduled laboratory periods. Spanish 101 is not open to students with two or more years of Spanish in secondary school. Enrollment limited to 22 per section. Staff. 201. Intermediate Spanish I. Designed to increase students' vocabulary and to improve mastery of language skills: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. The course provides a thorough review of grammar as well as an emphasis on conversational proficiency, expository writing, and Hispanic culture. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 102. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 22 per section. C. Aburto Guzmán. 202. Intermediate Spanish II. Intensive practice in reading, composition, and conversation, as well as attention to selected grammar problems. The course focuses on discussion through visual presentations and selections of Hispanic literature, art, and culture. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 201. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 22 per section. Staff. 207. Advanced Spanish: Culture and Language. This course develops oral fluency and aural acuity as well as reading and writing skills by means of directed and spontaneous classroom activities and regular written assignments. Conversations and compositions are based primarily on readings and films. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 202. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 20 per section. Staff. 208. Advanced Spanish: Texts and Contexts. This course is a continuation of Spanish 207 with particular emphasis upon analyzing a variety of texts and developing more sophistication in writing. Conversations and compositions are based on both literary and cultural readings. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 202. Recommended background: Spanish 207. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 20 per section. C. Aburto Guzmán. 215. Readings in Spanish American Literature. An introduction to the literature of Spanish America, from the sixteenth century to the present day. Among the issues addressed are the literary response to the space and peoples of the New World, the literature of vice-regal Mexico, the rise of national traditions in the nineteenth century, and experimentation in contemporary narrative fiction. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 202. Open to first-year students. C. Aburto Guzmán. 216. Readings in Peninsular Spanish Literature. A survey of representative peninsular Spanish texts. Major emphasis is on reading and discussing texts that relate to specific problems of literary form (such as poetry, theater, and novel), literary movements, and literary periodization. The topics are also discussed in the sociocultural context of their representation of Spanish national life and character. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 202. Open to first-year students. F. López. 240. Loco Amor/Buen Amor. In this course students study different ways of representing the passion of love, from the love of God to loving someone of the same sex. Spanish cities in the Middle Ages and San Francisco, California, are some settings where idealized as well as forbidden forms of love take place in the texts of the Arcipreste de Hita, La Celestina, and gay Mexican American poets. This course may be taken in either Spanish or English. Prerequisite(s): (if Spanish 240 is taken in Spanish) Spanish 215 or 216. B. Fra-Molinero. 241. Spanish Theater of the Golden Age. This course focuses on the study of Spanish classical drama of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Reading and critical analysis of selected dramatic works by Lope de Vega, Tirso de Molina, Calderón de la Barca, Miguel de Cervantes, Ana Caro, María de Zayas, and Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, among others, offer an insight into the totality of the dramatic spectacle of Spanish society during its imperial century. Prerequisite(s) or Corequisite(s): Spanish 215 or 216. This course is the same as Theater 241. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 20. B. Fra-Molinero. 242. Advanced Grammar and Stylistics. An intensive grammar review, with emphasis on written exercises, translation, oral drills, and grammatical analysis of literary texts. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 202. Open to first-year students. F. López. 245. Social Justice in Hispanic Literature. At different times and in different countries, many Hispanic writers have felt compelled to create works (essays, novels, poetry, short stories, plays) that confront various types of social injustice. These range from the effects of imperialism to political repression, and often include issues of race, sexuality, gender, and class. In this course students analyze such texts within their respective social, political, and historical contexts. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 215 and 216 or one 200-level Spanish literature course. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 25. F. López. 250. The Latin American Short Story. A study of the short story as a genre in Latin America. Attention is given to the genre's definition and to the different trajectories and currents in its development. Students read major works as well as those by less known writers. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 215 or 216. Open to first-year students with Advanced Placement credit. C. Aburto Guzmán. 251. Literatura Colonial. The literary production during the Spanish colonial period in Latin America is more than a conscious imitation of models borrowed from Spain and Europe. Literary genres were tested against a reality that defied all previous categories. Readings include some of the most representative figures between 1492 and 1800, such as Columbus, Las Casas, Inca Garcilaso, and Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 215 or 216. Open to first-year students. B. Fra-Molinero. 262. Contemporary Spain. A study of Spanish history and political ideas from 1936 to the present, starting with historical information about the civil war and an analysis of the rhetoric of both sides. The Franco period is examined through texts of "high culture" (poetry, drama, and the novel) and "popular culture" (films, songs, and newspaper clippings) that express supposedly opposing ideologies. Similar texts are used to explore the transition from dictatorship to democracy and the new and old problems that Spain has faced since the late 1970s. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 215 or 216. Open to first-year students. F. López. 263. Cuba from Within and Without. This course analyzes constructions of Cuban identity inside and outside of the island. Particular attention is paid to the role of class, race, gender, and sexuality in those constructions. Literature, film, essays, and music are the bases for the analysis. Authors considered may include José Martí, Alejo Carpentier, Lydia Cabrera, Severo Sarduy, Virgilio Piñera, Chely Lima, Silvio Rodríguez, Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, Cristina Garcia, and Achy Obejas. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 215 or 216. Open to first-year students. F. López. 264. Contemporary Mexican Women Writers. This course examines the literature of contemporary Mexican women. The texts are studied as cultural products, as well as subjective representations of difference. Special attention is given to the relation between literature and other cultural productions. Various literary genres are considered, including poetry, short stories, essays, and novels. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 215 or 216. C. Aburto Guzmán. 341. Cervantes. A careful reading and a comprehensive formal and thematic study of Don Quijote, and some of the Novelas ejemplares. Careful consideration is given to various pieces of Cervantine scholarship, and some of the effects of the Quijote on the genre of the novel are examined. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 208. B. Fra-Molinero. 342. Hybrid Cultures: Latin American Intersections. Latin America is a space of intersections where cultures meet and/or crash. Concepts and experiences used to define, locate, and represent these cultures to each other are continuously modified at the crossings. This course aims to take literary products (novels, essays, short stories) as a cross-section of this phenomenon. Each chosen text identifies multiple oppositions that converge violently, merely scar the individual, or craft a new prism by which we can read the dynamics taking place in these intersections. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 215, 216, or 200-level literature course. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 20. C. Aburto Guzmán. 344. Women Writers of Post-Franco Spain. In this course, students discuss the impact of "la Transición" (from dictatorship to democracy) on the psychological and social dimensions of womanhood by focusing on the detailed textual analysis of novels and short stories. Authors may include Rosa Montero, Cristina Fernández Cubas, Esther Tusquets, Consuelo García, Carmen Gómez Ojea, and Soledad Puértolas. Recommended background: a course in Spanish literature. Written permission of the instructor is required. F. López. 345. Twentieth-Century Spanish Drama. A study of the evolution of political ideas and social values in Spain in the twentieth century through an examination of several plays. Interconnected and parallel sociocultural realities are analyzed along with different dramatic tendencies: from "poetic" to social-realist to avant-garde theaters. Authors may include: Lorca, Mihura, Buero Vallejo, Sastre, Nieva, Martín Recuerda, and Arrabal. Prerequisite(s): a 200-level literature course in Spanish. Recommended background: Spanish 215 or 216. F. López. 346. The Spanish American Essay: Nineteenth Century to Present. The purpose of this course is to gain a working knowledge of Spanish American thought from a Spanish American Perspective. The essay is chosen for this inquiry, as it is one of the preferred methods used by intellectuals to expound upon the paradoxical characteristics of the Spanish American territory. The course is divided into three major periods: nineteenth century foundational thought, the quest for identity, and cultural hybridity. Both canonical and non-canonical essays are examined to better understand how Spanish American intellectuals problematize their own reality, and how this reality intersects the world. Furthermore, the question, "what is the role of the intellectual in society", is both the underpinning and the driving force of our inquiry into Spanish American thought. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 215, 216 or 200 level literature course. Enrollment is limited to 15. C. Guzman. New course for 2001-2002. 353. Un Curso De Cine. Cinema in Latin America and Spain is more than eighty years old. Silent movies recorded the Mexican Revolution of 1910. Pornographic films were part of the private collection of King Alfonso XIII of Spain. Epic and intimate, cinema also has been a vehicle for women directors, creating challenges to dominant forms of seeing. This course introduces students to the art of cinema analysis and to some of its technical and critical vocabulary. Discussions focus on significant figures in Latin American and Spanish cinema: Dolores del R’o, María Félix, Libertad Lamarque, Vicente Fernández, Mario Moreno, Fernando Rey, Luis Buñuel, Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, María Novaro, María Luisa Bemberg, Jiménez Leal, Pedro Almodóvar, and Francisco Lombardi. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 215 or 216. B. Fra-Molinero. 360. Independent Study. Independent study of individually selected topics. Periodic conferences and papers are required. Permission of the department is required. Students are limited to one independent study per semester. Staff. 365. Special Topics. Designed for the small seminar group of students who may have particular interests in areas of study that go beyond the regular course offerings. Periodic conferences and papers are required. Written permission of the instructor is required. Staff. 457, 458. Senior Thesis. Research leading to writing of the senior thesis. Students participate in a limited number of group meetings, plus individual conferences. Students register for Spanish 457 in the fall semester and for Spanish 458 in the winter semester. Majors writing an honors thesis register for both Spanish 457 and 458. A detailed outline and bibliography must be approved by the department in the semester prior to the semester in which the thesis is written. Staff. Short Term Units s18. The Cuban Revolution: Problems and Prospects. This unit examines the problems and prospects facing the Cuban Revolution in historical and cultural context. The first two weeks are spent on campus in intensive study of the Cuban Revolution. The second two weeks are spent in Cuba doing first-hand research and study of current issues in Cuba, and the last week is spent on campus doing oral and written evaluations of the problems raised by the unit. Issues include food and agriculture, health, economic crisis and change, arts and culture, women, and Cuban relations with the United States. This unit is offered simultaneously in English and Spanish. Recommended background: some knowledge of Spanish. Enrollment limited to 25. Written permission of the instructor is required. Not open to students who have received credit for History s18. F. López. s22. Africa in Me: Cultural Transmission in Brazil. Brazil is second only to Nigeria in population of people of African descent. Brazil, along with Cuba, has the longest history of slavery in the Western world in modern times. Slavery was abolished in Brazil in 1888, and its long history continues to have a decisive effect upon contemporary social and political institutions. This unit examines the impact of slavery in modern Brazil by examining African retentions in history, culture, and religion. This unit is the same as African American Studies S22. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 60. B. Fra-Molinero, C. Nero, Staff. s23. Spanish American Theater in Performance. The unit acquaints students with the theater of the Spanish-speaking world. It is a hands-on unit in which students read, interpret, stage, videotape, and produce a play, all in Spanish. The final production is presented to the Bates community and to the public. Recommended background: a knowledge of Spanish. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 201. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 15. C. Aburto Guzmán. s27. Alternative Intermediate Spanish. This unit is designed for students who have previous Spanish language experience at the intermediate (Spanish 201) level. The unit is conducted as a workshop; full participation is required. Writing, reading, listening, and speaking skills are engaged. These skills are fine-tuned in preparation for advanced intermediate courses (Spanish 207 or higher). Prerequisite(s): Spanish 201. Enrollment limited to 22. Not open to students who have received credit for Spanish 202. C. Aburto Guzmán. s30. Retracing the Pilgrimage Route. Of the three great pilgrimage routes in the Middle Ages the one leading from various locations in central France to the tomb of St. James in Santiago, Spain continues to attract much attention. To the faithful the experience of enduring the hardships of such a long walk was just as vital as finally praying on the tomb. In this unit, we retrace, on mountain bikes, the 1,400KM route from Pau to Santiago and explore the important role of the pilgrimage in medieval art, literature, and culture. Prerequisite(s): two years of college-level French or Spanish. This unit is the same as French s30. F. Lopez, R. Williamson. s32. Medieval Spain: Christians, Jews, and Muslims. Spain developed three different literary traditions during the Middle Ages. The presence in the Iberian Peninsula of three different established religionsÑChristianity, Islam, and JudaismÑgave rise to three distinctive intellectual communities and practices. Muslim philosophers and scientists developed knowledge in areas like medicine, optics, algebra, and chemistry. Jewish scholars gave shape to the Talmudic tradition. Christian Europe sent its theologians to discover Aristotle among the few who still could read Greek in Western Europe, the Arab and Jewish scholars of Córdoba and Toledo. Conducted in English. One section reads and discusses texts in Spanish. The second section is conducted in English. Prerequisite(s): Spanish 216. Open to first-year students. Enrollment limited to 30. Written permission of the instructor is required. Not open to students who have received credit for Religion s32. B. Fra-Molinero. s50. Individual Research. Registration in this unit is granted by the department only after the student has submitted a written proposal for a full-time research project to be completed during the Short Term and has secured the sponsorship of a member of the department to direct the study and evaluate results. Students are limited to one individual research unit. Staff.